Why do headaches happen before the menstrual cycle?

Experiencing headaches before or during the menstrual cycle is a common phenomenon, and it can be attributed to hormonal fluctuations and other related factors. The hormonal changes that occur during the menstrual cycle can affect various body systems, including the nervous system, which may lead to headaches for some women. Here are some reasons why headaches may occur before the menstrual cycle:

• Estrogen and Progesterone Fluctuations: Before menstruation, there is a drop in estrogen and progesterone levels. These hormonal fluctuations can trigger headaches in some women, particularly those who are sensitive to changes in hormone levels.

• Menstrual Migraines: Some women may experience migraines specifically related to their menstrual cycle. Menstrual migraines are thought to be triggered by the hormonal changes occurring during the menstrual cycle.

• Serotonin Levels: Serotonin, a neurotransmitter that affects mood and pain perception, can fluctuate during the menstrual cycle. Changes in serotonin levels may contribute to headaches.

• Fluid Retention: Some women experience fluid retention before their period, which can lead to increased pressure and inflammation, potentially triggering headaches.

• Stress and Hormones: Stress and hormonal changes can interact, leading to increased headache susceptibility.

• Cervicogenic Headaches: In some cases, hormonal changes can affect the neck and cervical spine, leading to cervicogenic headaches.

What can you do to prevent or lessen the severity of hormonal headaches?

1. Know the triggers- salty, sugary, and processed foods will increase fluid retention, inflammation, and increased vascular pressure increasing your chances of menstrual headaches or migraines. Avoid these foods in the week prior to the onset of menstruation, and limit these foods in your diet at anytime :)

2. Get sufficient sleep and stress support-lack of sleep and high stress levels exacerbate any of the above issues, so be sure to lean back during your luteal phase and find the time to rest and reprieve.

3. Movement-regular movement  and exercises such as walking, yoga, and cardio can assist with blood flow, serotonin production, and hormone regulation. Be sure to get regular activity throughout all phases of your cycle.

4. Receive Acupuncture- Studies show that acupuncture for headaches is at least as effective as prophylactic drug therapy, has longer lasting effects, is safe, cost-effective, and reduces drug intake with possibly severe unwanted side effects!

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3291665/